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The game that would be later named The Oregon Trail debuted to Rawitsch's class on December 3, 1971. The original core gameplay concepts that have been included in every subsequent version are initial supply purchase, occasional food hunting, occasional supply purchase at forts, inventory management of supplies, variable travel speed depending upon conditions, frequent misfortunes, and game over upon death or successfully reaching Oregon. Rawitsch recruited two friends and fellow student teachers, Paul Dillenberger and Bill Heinemann, to help.

He used HP Time-Shared BASIC running on an HP 2100 minicomputer to write a computer program to help teach the subject. In 1971, Don Rawitsch, a senior at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, taught an 8th grade history class as a student teacher.

The player assumes the role of a wagon leader guiding a party of settlers from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon's Willamette Valley via a covered wagon in 1848. The original game was designed to teach 8th grade schoolchildren about the realities of 19th-century pioneer life on the Oregon Trail. The first game was originally developed by Don Rawitsch, Bill Heinemann, and Paul Dillenberger in 1971 and produced by the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC) in 1974. The Oregon Trail is a series of educational computer games.